DEVELOPING THE WBS-BASED STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE OF HIGHRISE BUILDING’S ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
High-rise buildings are one of the complex constructions because they involve many parties both from structural processes, M/E, and architecture (Rianty et al., 2018).As the current capital of Indonesia, DKI Jakarta has 149 skyscrapers and is ranked 12th in the World (The Council on Tall Buildings and Urbat Habitat, 2021) which previously ranked 14th in 2019.This shows that the needs of urban people for living space and activity areas continue to increase, DKI Jakarta will become a strategic area for developers and investors to continue to build other high-rise buildings to meet consumer needs (Dermawan, 2019).Physical development activities that continue to increase without being accompanied by increased maintenance will cause the economic value of buildings to decrease.A building must be able to provide services effectively and efficiently (Ariyanto, 2020).Identification of building damage should be done to the elements of the building by seeing that so much damage to the building with different causes (Nuswantoro, 2010).
The cause of building damage in general is the age of the building / building components.Furthermore, followed by building maintenance and care factors, human factors, and natural factors as well as disasters (Aresande, 2013;Dardiri, 2012;Adyaksa, 2021).Maintenance factors are the second factors that cause a lot of building damage (Wijaya et al., 2019), therefore the importance of building maintenance to avoid building damage.The impact that arises as a result of the lack of maintenance and care of the building building not only causes damage and loss of building operational costs and the time needed for repairs due to the damage that occurs, but can also affect the comfort of office workers when doing activities in the building (Raflis, 2019).Building maintenance should have clear and planned standards, and poorly written operational maintenance standards can also be the cause of poor management, in addition to the unavailability of standards of care and specifications of mutually agreed standards on the maintenance and care work of buildings can result in difficulties in their implementation (Riza, 2019).
Planning and elaborating work in more detail must be done carefully, because if there are errors, it will result in volatile work coverage, cost overruns, and inefficient implementation times (Agustinus, 2016).One of the influencing aspects in carrying out the maintenance and care of the building is information about the building itself.The importance of documentation and recorded data during the construction process from the planning, design, procurement, to handover phases largely determines success during the building maintenance and care process (Park & Cai, 2017).It is often found that buildings do not match these documents which causes the data used during operations to be inaccurate, so that much of the data required at the time of maintenance is not recorded and documented (Xu et al., 2014).
As one solution to anticipate the lack of documents at the time of handover from the construction phase to operations that can interfere with the maintenance and care process, planning can be done with references that are widely used in project management, namely using a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS).WBS are commonly used because they are more systematic and correspond to the scope of each job, by using the WBS individual parts of the work can be controlled (Leemann, 2002).However, the reality is that the use of WBS is still not widely done in projects in Indonesia or there are errors in making them, besides that it is rare to make WBS in formal form (Suanda, 2013).Therefore, in the case of maintenance and care of architectural components in high-rise buildings, it can be proposed to use a WBS in the process of implementation in order to get maximum results.
The novelty in this research is the development of Standard Operating Procedures for Maintenance of architectural components in high-rise buildings, where previously there were only guidelines for maintaining architectural components without being equipped with a maintenance coordination flow.

METHOD Figure 1. Research Methods
The research methodology comprises several steps, Figure 1 showing the research began by formulating a problem, namely "What are the variables used to develop SOPs?" then for the research strategy using archival analysis in the form of previous project documents and government regulations related to maintenance and care as well as surveys to experts to validate variables aforementioned.The research instrument used is a Questionnaire.Furthermore, the questionnaire data were analyzed using descriptive statistics which then produced SOP development variables.So this research is using qualitative method with numerical data from questionnaire answer.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the research conducted, several variables were obtained that are needed in developing Maintenance and care SOPs to improve maintenance performance, namely ( 1   After obtaining the WBS Level 4 Standard for architectural components and their design alternatives, as one of the discussions in this study is the maintenance and care for architectural components of floor hardener floors.Details of the WBS for floor hardener work can be seen in Table 2. Furthermore, these variables are used as inputs from the preparation of Maintenance and care SOPs.In developing SOPs, 4 indicators are needed which can be seen in Table 3.The maintenance and care SOP variables have 4 indicators including (1) Organizational Structure which contains structural positions involved in maintenance and care activities; (2) The Job Description contains the roles, duties, and responsibilities of each structural position contained in the organizational structure, (3) Activity > Activity Duration describes the activities and frequency of activities arranged based on design alternatives in the WBS Component Architecture; (4) The Communication Flow contains the Accountable person and the Responsible of each maintenance and care activity carried out.Furthermore, these indicators are compiled in a questionnaire to be validated by experts and then compiled into a WBS-Based Architecture Component Maintenance and care SOP format.The SOP format can be seen in Table 3 and the implementation procedure in Figure 3. Based on the results of the development of the SOP for Maintenance and care of Floor Hardener Floor Architecture Components in Office High Buildings, the implementation procedure was obtained starting from the Head of the HC Services Section providing directions for the implementation of maintenance and care to the Head of the HC Services Subdivision with the completeness of the Maintenance SOP and carried out at the beginning of each week.Then from the head of the HC Services subdivision determining the maintenance and care schedule to the head of the General Affairs subsection, these activities are carried out every day to maximize the implementation of maintenance and care of the floor hardener floor.Furthermore, the head of the General Affairs subdivision prepares work equipment and work orders to the working group which will be a direct executor in the inspection, maintenance, and maintenance of the floor hardener floor.After receiving the work order, the working group conducts an examination of the condition of the floor hardener every 1 month.For daily activities, floor cleaning is carried out using a broom / vacuum, then maintenance is carried out by mopping the floor with enough water.Furthermore, for maintenance activities, the working group can re-coat the floor hardener once every 1 year if needed.Then the working group reported that the work had been completed to the head of the General facilities subsection to be able to make a Handover Minutes (BAST) of work.Furthermore, the head of the General Facilities subdivision reported bast The work to the head of the HC Services subsection to see if the report can represent the maintenance and care activities carried out.If the report is not received by the head of the HC Services subsection, then the process of carrying out maintenance is repeated starting from the head of the General Affairs subsection preparing a work order.If the report is received then the head of the HC Services subsection will report to the Head of the HC Services Section for evaluation.After the head of the HC Services section has finished evaluating the achievement of maintenance performance, the head of the General Facilities, General Affairs, and HC Services subdivisions submits the results of the implementation of the work to the Head of the HC Services Section.The maintenance implementation procedure is considered complete if the report on the results of the work has been reported to the head of the directorate by the head of the HC Services section.

CONCLUSION
Details of Architectural Components that will later be carried out maintenance and care.These details can be obtained using the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) so that each work package with each design alternative can be carried out maximum maintenance and care.In this study, 18 Work Packages were obtained with 39 Design Alternatives.
Indicators in developing SOPs are Organizational Structure, Job Desc, Activities and Duration, and Communication Flow.Based on the results of expert validation for structural positions involved in this maintenance and care activity are the Head of the HC Services Section, the Head of the HC Services Subdivision, the Head of the General Affairs Subdivision, the Head of the General Facilities Subdivision, and the Working Group.PERAWATAN. Xu, X., Ding, L., Luo, H., & Ma, L. (2014).From building information modeling to city information modeling.Journal of Information Technology in Construction,19,[292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302][303][304][305][306][307]

BANGUNAN GEDUNG PEMERINTAH BERBASIS WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KINERJA PEMELIHARAAN DAN
) WBS Standards for High Building Architectural Components; (2) Maintenance and care SOPs; (3) Maintenance Performance.In Figure 2, you can see the WBS Standards for High Building Architectural Components divided into 4 levels, namely Project Name, Job Cluster, Type of Work, and Work Package.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. WBS Standards High Building Architectural Components

Table 1 .
Design Alternatives to High Building Architectural Components WBS

Table 3 .
SOP Development Variables and Indicators

Table 4 .
SOP Format for Maintenance and care of Floor Hardener Floor Architecture Components

Table 5 .
Procedure for Implementing Maintenance and Care of Architectural Components of Hardener Floor