P-ISSN: 2808-0467
E-ISSN: 2808-5051
Homepage: https://iss.internationaljournallabs.com/index.php/iss
1531
WORK STRESS AND WORK MOTIVATION ON EMPLOYEE’S
TURNOVER INTENTION MEDIATED BY ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMITMENT
Sartika Wati HS Arief
1
, Achmad Sudiro
2
, Djumahir
3
Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
1
sartikawati@student.ub.ac.id
2
ppmem.brawijaya@gmail.com
3
djumahir@fe.unibraw.ac.id
PAPER INFO ABSTRACT
Received:
October 2022
Revised: October
2022
Approved:
October 2022
Background: With limited space to work WFH during the pandemic, it is
the biggest challenge faced by all employees and companies. In the midst of
many companies holding a hiring freeze policy or temporarily suspending the
recruitment of new employees, ruangguru even did the opposite, RuangGuru
held a routine recruitment of new employees during the pandemic.
Aim: This study aims to analyze and explain the effect of work stress and
work motivation on turnover intention mediated by organizational
commitment of employees of FEC PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia Sumapapua I
Makassar, Pare-Pare, Palopo.
Method: This type of research is an explanatory research that explains the
causal relationship between the variables used through hypothesis testing.
The sampling method in this study uses the saturated sampling method. The
population determined in this study was 108 people, namely all employees of
FEC Sumapapua I covering the Makassar, Pare-Pare, Palopo areas. The data
obtained from the sample were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling
(SEM) analysis, with the SMARTPLS 3.0 approach.
Findings: The results showed that work stress has a positive and significant
effect on turnover intention, work motivation has a negative and significant
effect on turnover intention, work stress has a negative and significant effect
on organizational commitment, work motivation has a positive and
significant effect on organizational commitment, organizational commitment
has a negative and significant effect on organizational commitment turnover
intention, organizational commitment does not mediate the effect of work
stress on turnover intention, organizational commitment mediates the
influence of work motivation on turnover intention.
KEYWORDS
work stress, work motivation, turnover intention, organizational commitment
© The author(s). This work is distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA 4.0)
INTRODUCTION
The millennial generation has entered the largest labor force in Indonesia. Based on data
from the 2017 static central agency in the Ministry of Women's Empowerment and Child
Protection (2018), Indonesia's population is dominated by millennial population, namely the
population born in the range of 1980-2000 amounting to 33.75% of the total population. This
means that the contribution of the millennial generation in shaping the structure of the number
of people of productive age is quite high, because around 50.36% of the total population of
productive age is basically millennials. This data provides an illustration that currently the
condition of the millennial generation as the main resource in reaping demographic bonuses
from various aspects, one of which is being the majority workforce in the industry or company,
the high percentage of millennials shows that companies must consider the millennial
generation as human assets that must be taken into account. Nowadays, start-ups and other e-
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1532 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
commerce companies are one of the companies whose work environment is sought after by
millennials. This is corroborated by Pambudi's opinion in Deloitte Indonesia Perspectives
(2019) which emphasizes that millennials are a generation that likes freedom, likes to be fast-
paced, instantaneous, and digital. As many as 52% of millennial employees want time
flexibility in their working hours. In addition, they also expect space to grow, as many as 70%
of them expect companies to facilitate employees to learn new things, and 59% of millennial
employees expect ease of communication including the use of applications that support
communication at work. When they enter one company and don't necessarily get what they
expected, then it is likely that they will become frustrated to face it.
The impact of the COVID-19 virus pandemic in early 2020 is interesting to discuss, the
public is required to comply with the established health protocols to avoid the wider spread of
the COVID-19 virus. The policies carried out by the government, namely social distancing and
work from home (WFH), must be obeyed by companies, including start-up companies in
RuangGuru. With limited space to work through WFH, it is the biggest challenge faced by all
employees and the company. In the midst of many companies holding a hiring freeze policy
or temporary suspension of recruitment of new employees, ruangguru did the opposite,
ruangguru held a routine recruitment of new employees during the beginning of the pandemic,
recruitment occurred due to a shortage of FEC employees due to the large number of FEC
employees who left so that the company had to re-recruit new employees to replace the
positions of employees who left. After conducting a pre-study, it is suspected that the reason
for the turnover was due to the high work stress and low work motivation of FEC employees
due to the new normal system of the WFH work system. RuangGuru Sumapapua I turnover
data proves that employee turnover in 2020 reached 61% within one year, this is a figure that
is relatively high and abnormal because it is above 10% per year.
The problem in this study is in the employees of the Field Education Consultant (FEC)
RuangGuru, which are almost all millennials. The problems that arise internally in the company
are related to very high employee turnover during the WFH period. Turnover problems
experienced by PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia Region Sumapapua I (Makassar City, Palopo, Pare-
Pare) which is the transfer of FEC employees which is part of the sales and marketing division
of Ruangguru, serves to socialize about target-oriented digital learning methods. Where based
on the results of preliminary observations through interviews with several related parties as
many as four people two employees who are still surviving, and two employees who have
resigned from the company stated that in Ruangguru Sumapapua I the movement of FEC
employees over the past year during the pandemic was relatively high, it was because during
WFH the FEC felt that work stress was very high and their motivation was reduced. Due to the
changes felt by the FEC, namely working hours when WFH is felt to be longer, difficulty in
getting student trust during webinars compared to meeting in person, a much stricter level of
work control and supervision from superiors to FEC, targets that fec feels are too high with
unfavorable situations and conditions, monthly targets advanced per two weeks increase FEC
anxiety, the lack of new data that has the potential to follow up, and due to the lack of potential
new data has resulted in FEC and OEC (Outbound Education Consultants) that there are
misunderstandings in work, and there are many other work adjustments during the pandemic.
With many changes in the way employees work, they feel that they get high pressure.
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Here we can see that what the company is doing to FEC employees is still in a transition
period of adjusting new ways of working. But there are some things that are not considered
appropriate so that it makes FEC employees feel high stress and lack motivation, companies
should provide rational targets adjusted to potential data that exist in the difficult times of this
pandemic, provide enough training to motivate and as a provision for webinars in order to
attract trust students, control of superiors through working hours should also be considered
because it is part of the employee's right to rest after working hours, and corrects the company's
internal problems related to misunderstandings between fellow FEC and OEC sales because it
tends to cause unfair competition between employees and cause stress.
Based on data obtained by researchers from analysts of RuangGuru Sumapapua I, it was
noted that from January to December 2020, FEC employees who left within one year were
61%, which amounted to 37 people from the original total number of FEC 61 people. This is a
very high figure because Gillies et al. (1989) states that employee turnover is said to be normal
at around 5-10% per year and is said to be high when it is more than 10% per year. It was also
seen that in December 2020 the FEC numbered 50 people because it had recruited four new
employees to fill the vacancies of FEC employees, namely 38 new FEC employees.
Turnover intention or intention to move is one of the problems in the field of human
resources, where this problem is related to the high turnover of labor in a company. Turnover
in a company is a tangible form of turnover intention that can be a serious problem for the
company. The problem of turnover intention is considered a negative and detrimental thing for
each company. The high desire to move between employees hints at the high turnover of
employees that will occur, which results in a decrease in company performance, and an increase
in workload on other employees who still live in the company, and the need for re-recruitment
to replace the position of employees who leave the company. Re-recruitment of employees
certainly takes time and will result in the emergence of recruitment costs that are not small in
nominal. This cost concerns the cost of advertising vacancies opening, the costs when the
selection is carried out, the cost of the employee orientation period is also included in the
accommodation costs of prospective employees to be selected, consumption costs, and other
costs that may arise as a result of the re-recruitment.
Work stress felt by employees, can cause an employee to leave his job, that is, the current
work situation that does not match the desired expectations or is influenced by the employee's
views to get a better job alternative. Turnover intention can occur due to the influence of several
variables including work stress, work motivation, and organizational commitment (Astiti &
Surya, 2020; A. L. Hakim et al., 2018; S. Z. Maryam et al., 2021; Nasution, 2017). If employees
feel high work stress, then the employee's desire to leave the company will also increase.
Several studies have shown that work stress affects employee turnover intentions such as
research conducted by Haholongan (2018) found a positive relationship between work stress
and turnover intention, if work stress increases, turnover also increases. Employees who
experience excessive work stress have implications for the voluntary turnover of Robbins and
Judge (2013). In addition to affecting the rate of labor movement, stress also affects
organizational commitment. Stress arises when employees are unable to meet the demands of
the company's work. Robbins and Judge (2013) stated that other symptoms of stress arising
from the workload received by employees are changes in employee productivity, slump, and
turnover. According to Parker and DeCotiis (1983) in Saadeh & Suifan (2020), employees who
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cannot withstand stress from work will feel unable to survive in the company, so it can make
the physique become tired and even drop to the point of illness. Then the final decision could
be to resign from the company. This is in accordance with previous research stated that there
is a significant influence between work stress and turnover intention (Chen et al., 2022; Choi
& Kim, 2020; Li et al., 2021).
Meanwhile, the low work motivation of employees will cause the employee's desire to
leave the company. All human behavior basically has certain motives. Motives are the drivers,
excuses, impulses that exist within man that cause the person to do something. Each employee
has a certain motive from the results of his work. Employees who are not paid enough attention
to by the organization can lead to a lack of organizational commitment of employees which is
often caused in the form of low motivation, getting tired and bored quickly and not caring about
the environment. A close relationship and good communication between a leader and his
employees is one way that can provide work motivation to employees so that employees feel
valued. A motivated employee will do his hard work well for the success of the organization.
Hard work done with encouragement or motivation will result in a separate organizational
commitment for employees in doing their work. This is in line with previous research stating
that there is a significant influence between work motivation and turnover intention
(Bonenberger et al., 2014; Dysvik & Kuvaas, 2010; Yada et al., 2020).
Likewise, low organizational commitment will result in higher turnover intentions. This is
in line with the research conducted by Kmieciak (2022), Serhan et al. (2022), and Labrague et
al. (2018) that based on the results of the study, organizational committeemen had a significant
negative relationship with turnover intention. If organizational commitment is low, then
employee loyalty to the company will also be low and increase the desire of employees not to
survive in the company, and vice versa if the employee's organizational commitment to a
company is high, the employee turnover intention will be low, therefore the importance of
building organizational commitment for employees by paying attention to what factors make
the employee's organizational commitment increase. By paying attention to the organizational
commitment of employees will greatly benefit the company in the long run.
In this study, there was a research gap or inconsistency from previous studies. The
following is a summary of the research gaps concluded in Table 2:
Table 1. Research Gap Summary
Variable
Relationships
Between Variables
Researchers
Research Results
Work Stress
Work stress towards
turnover intention
Chen et al. (2022);
Li et al. (2021);
Choi et al. (2020)
Work stress has a
significant effect on
turnover intention
Yang et al. (2016);
Tziner et al. (2015)
Work stress has no
significant effect on
turnover intention
Work Stress and Work Motivation on Employee’s Turnover Intention Mediated by Organizational
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1535 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
Variable
Relationships
Between Variables
Researchers
Research Results
Work
Motivation
Work motivation
towards turnover
intention
Yada et al. (2020);
Bonenberger et al.
(2014);
Dysvik & Kuvaas
(2010)
Motivation has a
significant effect on
turnover intention
Tran et al. (2020);
Putri & Rumangkit
(2017)
Motivation has no
significant effect on
turnover intention.
Source: Secondary Data Processed, 2022
Based on Table 1.2, it can be informed that there is an inconsistency or research gap, the
first of the results of the study between the variability of work stress and turnover intention.
The results of the research conducted by Chen et al. (2022), Li et al. (2021), and Park et al.
(2020) mentioned that there is a significant influence between work stress and turnover
intention. While the research results from Yang et al. (2016) and Tziner et al. (2015) showed
that work stress had no significant effect on turnover intention. Meanwhile, the results of the
study between the variables of work motivation to turnover intention, the results of research
conducted by Bonenberger et al. (2014), Yada et al. (2020), and Dysvik and Kuvaas (2010)
mentioned that work motivation has a significant effect on turnover intention. The results of
research conducted by Tran et al. (2020), as well as Putri and Rumangkit (2017) mentioned
that work motivation has no significant effect on turnover intention.
The existence of these inconsistent research results provides an opportunity or gap for
researchers to conduct research again on work stress and work motivation towards turnover
intention. In this case the mediation variable used is organizational commitment. The
organizational commitment variable is used to bridge inconsistency as described earlier, which
is functioned to strengthen the influence of work stress and work motivation on turnover
intention and is useful for closing previous research gaps. This is the novelty of this study that
distinguishes it from previous studies.
From these reasons, three variables were chosen, namely: work motivation, work stress,
and organizational commitment as variables that affect turnover intention in FEC employees
at PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia Region Sumapapua I. Therefore, the author will discuss the
influence between work stress and work motivation on turnover intention mediated by
organizational commitment.
METHOD
This type of research uses an explanatory research method or called explanatory research.
Judging from the analysis approach, this study uses a quantitative approach because of the
empirical model and its measurements based on existing theories, and the data obtained are
analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with a Partial Least Square (PLS)
approach.
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This research was conducted at PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia Sumapapua I Region covers
the cities of Makassar, Pare-Pare and Palopo. The data collection in this study took place from
May to August 2022.
The population in this study was all employees of FEC PT. Ruang Raya Indonesia
Sumapapua I which covers the areas of Makassar, Pare-Pare and Palopo. The data was obtained
based on data in ruangguru analyst data. The determination of samples in this study was carried
out with the type of probability sampling. So, every employee of FEC Ruangguru Sumapapua
I has the same opportunity to be silentbil as a sample. So the researchers took 100% of the
existing population of 179 FEC employees as respondents.
The type of data used in this study is quantitative. In this case, the quantitative data needed
is in the form of a questionnaire that is distributed to all FEC Sumapapua I employees who are
respondents and who fill out the questionnaire.
The data collection methods used in this study were questionnaires, documentation, and
interviews. The measurement scale used in this study is the Likert scale. This Likert scale was
used in a closed questionnaire distributed to respondents. After that, the incoming data is tested
with descriptive statistical analysis, inferential statistical analysis, outer model, inner model,
hyppoesis test, and mediation test.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Direct Effect Test Results
Hypothesis testing is carried out to determine the influence of the entire hypothesis
proposed in this study, both directly and indirectly. The criteria in testing research hypotheses
can be seen directly or indirectly. Hypothesis testing criteria can be seen through the results of
statistical test values and p-values. The value of the inner model will indicate the degree of
significance in the testing of a hypothesis. Ghozali et al. (2016) said if the score shown t-value
should exceed the limit of 1.65 and the value of the significant level by 0.10; the score should
exceed 1.96 at the value of the significant level of level 0.05; and should be more than 2.58 at
the significant level of level 0.01. In this study, a significant level of 0.05 was used, therefore
the t-value must exceed 1.96. The hypothesis is stated to be accepted if the p-value is less than
0.05 and has a statistical value greater than the t-table of 1.96. Statistical testing is carried out
through the bootsrap method with the Smartpls program as follows:
Table 2. Direct Influence Test Results
Path
Coefficients
t-Statistic
P
Values
Information
0,247
2,791
0,005
Accepted
-0,296
2,438
0,015
Accepted
-0,192
2,451
0,015
Accepted
0,714
14,076
0,000
Accepted
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1537 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
-0,339
3,314
0,001
Accepted
Source: Data Processed with SmartPLS, 2022
Figure 1. Hypothesis Test Result
Source: Data Processed with SmartPLS, 2022
Based on the results of the direct influence test in Table 2 and Figure 1 it has been
explained that the value of the path coefficient on each of the influence variables is as follows:
1) H1 (Work stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention): Based on
Table 2 it can be seen that the relationship between work stress variables and turnover
intention. The result of obtaining a t-statistical value for the relationship of the work
stress variable to turnover intention was 2.791 and a p-value of 0.005. Thus the first
hypothesis that reads that work stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover
intention is accepted, because the t-statistical value (2.791 > 1.9 6) and p-value (0.005
< 0.05). Then the path coefficient of the work stress variable to turnover intention had
a positive effect of 0.247.
2) H2 (Work motivation negatively and significantly affects turnover intention): Based on
Table 5.16 it can be seen that the relationship between work motivation variables and
turnover intention. The result of obtaining a t-statistical value for the relationship of
the work motivation variable to turnover intention was 2.438 and a p-value of 0.015.
Thus the second hypothesis that reads work motivation has a negative and significant
effect on turnover intention is accepted, because the t-statistical value (2.438 > 1.96)
and p-value (0.015 < 0.05). Then the path coefficient of the work stress variable to
turnover intention has a negative effect of -0.296.
3) H3 (Work stress negatively and significantly affects organizational commitment):
Based on Table 5.16 it can be seen that the relationship between work stress variables
and organizational commitment. The results of the t-statistical value for the relationship
of work stress variables to organizational commitments were 2.451 and p-values were
0.015. Thus the fourth hypothesis that reads work stress has a negative and significant
effect on organizational commitments is accepted, because the t-statistical value (2.451
> 1.96) and p-value (0.015 < 0.05). Then the path coefficient of the work stress variable
to organizational commitment has a negative effect of -0.192.
4) H4 (Work motivation has a positive and significant effect on organizational
commitment): Based on Table 2 it can be seen that the relationship between work
motivation variables and organizational commitment. The result of obtaining a t-
statistical value for the relationship of work motivation variables to organizational
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1538 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
commitment was 14.076 and a p-value of 0.000. So the fifth hypothesis that reads work
motivation has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment is
accepted, because the t-statistical value (14.076 > 1.96) and p-value (0.000 < 0.05).
Then the path coefficient of the work motivation variable to organizational commitment
has a positive effect of 0.714.
5) H5 (Organizational commitment negatively and significantly affects turnover
intention): Based on Table 2 it can be seen that the relationship between organizational
commitment variables to turnover intention. The result of obtaining a t-statistical value
for the relationship of the organizational commitment variable to turnover intention was
3.314 and a p-value of 0.001. Thus the third hypothesis that reads organizational
commitment has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention is accepted,
because the t-statistical value (3.314 > 1.9 6) and p-value (0.001 < 0.05). Then the path
coefficient of the organizational commitment variable to turnover intention negatively
affects -0.339.
Indirect Effect Test Results
Indirect influence testing or called mediation test has the purpose of testing the interval of
mediation variables based on theory (Baron and Kenny, 1986). By conducting mediation
testing, people can find out whether the existing mediation variables include perfect mediation
or partial mediation. The following Table 3 shows the results of mediation testing using PLS:
Table 3. Indirect Influence Test Results
Influence of Variables
Path
Coefficients
t-Statistic
P-
Values
Information
Work Stress -> Organizational
Commitment -> Turnover Intention
0,064
1,941
0,053
Rejected
Work Motivation -> Organizational
Commitment -> Turnover
Intention
-0,242
3,247
0,001
Accepted
Source: Data Processed with SmartPLS 2022
Based on the results of the indirect influence test in Table 3 it can be described as follows:
1) H6 (Organizational commitment mediates the effect of work stress on turnover
intention): Based on Table 3 it can be seen that the relationship between work stress
variables to turnover intention is mediated organizational commitment. The results of
the t-statistical value for the relationship of work stress variables to turnover intention
mediated organizational commitment of 1.941 and p-value of 0.053. So the sixth
hypothesis that says work stress has a positive and significant effect on turnover
intention through organizational commitments is rejected, because the t-statistical
values (1.941 < 1.96) and p-values (0.053 > 0.05). Then the path coefficient of the
variable work stress to turnover intention mediated organizational commitment had a
positive effect of 0.064.
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2) H7 (Organizational commitment mediates the effect of work motivation on turnover
intention): Based on Table 3 it can be seen that the relationship between work
motivation variables and turnover intention is mediated organizational commitment.
The results of the t-statistical value for the relationship of work motivation variables to
turnover intention were mediated by organizational commitment of 3.247 and a p-value
of 0.001. Thus the seventh hypothesis that reads work motivation has a negative and
significant effect on turnover intention through organizational commitment is accepted,
because the t-statistical values (3.247 > 1.96) and p-value (0.001 < 0.05). Then the path
coefficient of the work motivation variable to turnover intention mediated
organizational commitment has a negative effect of -0.242.
The Effect of Work Stress on Turnover Intention
In this study, the work stress variable was measured using two indicators, namely time
pressure and anxiety, with ten statement items. The turnover change intention is measured using
three indicators namely the thought to quit, the desire to leave, the desire to find another job,
with 6 items of statement.
The results showed that hypothesis test 1 accepted means that work stress has a direct
effect on turnover intention. It can also be interpreted that work stress has a positive and
significant effect on turnover intention. This means that the higher the work stress of FEC
employees, the higher the turnover intention rate in the bribery room I and vice versa, the
lower the work stress of FEC employees, the lower the turnover intention rate of FEC
employees in the bribery room I. It is in line with previous research conducted by Choi and
Kim (2020), Li et al. (2021), and Chen et al. (2022), explaining that work stress has a positive
and significant effect on turnover intention.
The results of the respondent's answer description described the work stress of FEC
employees in the Sumapapua I room with an average value of the work stress variable of 3.52.
The value is still classified as neutral or disagree. It means that the respondent is not stressed.
Even so, the facts of the field show that the majority of respondents at 50% or 54 people
answered very much in agreement with the statement "I feel guilty when I do not reach the
target of working perindividu every month". This shows that time pressure indicators are the
triggers for their work stress. The statement in item X1.2.1 present on the anxiety indicator
indicates a high value. The majority of respondents, 49.1% or 53 people, agreed with the
statement "I feel anxious when I get into conflict with fellow company employees". This
suggests that anxiety is also a trigger for their work stress as well. Based on the fec results, it
is stated that the indicator of time pressure, namely feelings of guilt thinking about unattainable
targets triggers their stress. This is the biggest trigger for fec employee stress and this needs to
get special attention from the company considering that work stress is very influential on the
intention to change employees.
Based on the description of respondents' characteristics, work stress was rated low on the
majority of new FEC respondents. Based on the characteristics of respondents, it is seen from
the period of service of less than 1 year, namely 81.5% or new employees with a working
period of approximately 1-2 months of work. So that one or two months of work is too early
for fresh graduates to conclude that employees feel the stress of work stress or not.
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The Effect of Work Motivation on Turnover Intention
Based on the research conducted, the variables of work motivation are measured using
three indicators, namely the need for achievement, the need for power, the need for affiliation,
with seven items of statement. The turnover change intention is measured using three indicators
namely the thought to quit, the desire to leave, the desire to find another job, with 6 items of
statement.
The results of the hypothesis test 2 are accepted, meaning that work motivation has a
direct effect on turnover intention. This can also be interpreted to mean that the higher the work
motivation of FEC employees, the lower the turnover intention rate in the Sumapapua I room
and vice versa, the lower the work motivation of FEC employees, the higher the turnover
intention rate of FEC employees in the RuangGuru Sumapapua I room. This is in line with
previous research conducted by Bonenberger et al. (2014), Dysvik & Kuvaas (2010), and Yada
et al. (2020), explaining that work motivation has a significant effect on turnover intention.
The results of the respondent's answer description described the work motivation of FEC
employees in the bribery room I with an average value of the work stress variable of 4.35. The
average respondent's answer to each item indicates a strongly agreed answer. The figure is in
the high category, so it can be concluded that the work motivation that FEC employees have is
good. This figure illustrates that efforts to motivate employees in Ruangguru Sumapapua I are
right on target and carried out properly. Therefore, RuangGuru needs to maintain and increase
the provision of work motivation for FEC employees. Fthe field deed showed that the Majority
of respondents at 57.4% or 62 people answered strongly in agreement with the statement "I
build close relationships with fellow colleagues". Which suggests that the indicator of the need
for affiliation greatly influences or encourages the motivation of an FEC employee to stay in
the company.
Based on the description of respondents' characteristics, work motivation was rated high
from the majority of new FEC respondents because based on the characteristics of respondents,
it is seen from the period of service of less than 1 year, namely 81.5% or new employees with a
working period of approximately 1-2 months of work. The average new employee is a fresh
graduate who generally has a strong motivation to start a new job and pursue a career. Also,
most of the S1 graduates, namely 89.6%, mean they have knowledge and skills that are used as
motivation tocompete in a career.
Judging from the characteristics of respondents based on clusters, namely Makassar, Pare-
pare, Palopo, where each cluster is facilitated by regional trainers to motivate FEC employees,
if the FEC experiences problems or obstacles in their work technically can be consulted with
trainers, trainers is also in charge of training feces who have experienced performance
degradation to be better at work. It is what causes the application of work motivation of FEC
employees in the current room is high. Thus, work motivation is a variable that has a dominant
influence on employee turnover intention in FEC RuangGuru Sumapapua I.
The Effect of Work Stress on Organizational Commitment
In this study, the work stress variable was measured using two indicators, namely time
pressure and anxiety, with ten statement items. The variability of organizational commitments
is measured using three indicators namely affective commitment, continuous commitment,
normative commitment, with 16 statement items. The results of the hypothesis test 3 are
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1541 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
accepted, meaning that work stress has a direct effect on organizational commitment. It can also
be interpreted that work stress has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention. The
higher the employee's work stress, the lower the level of organizational commitment. This is in
line with previous research conducted by Saadeh & Suifan (2020), Garg & Dhar (2014), and
Ho et al. (2009), in which their results showed that work stress significantly negatively affects
organizational commitment.
Judging from the characteristics of respondents in terms of working period, the most
dominating is less than 1 year of work, meaning that FEC employees 81.5% are employees who
are still relatively new, which is very influential on the company if this new employee has the
intention to turnover. Therefore organizational commitment needs to be instilled since the
recruitment of employees and continues to be evaluated by the company. Because new
employees are classified as vulnerable to leaving if they feel that they are not proportional to
the benefits they get with what they provide to the company. New employees and still relatively
young aged 21-25 years at 55.6% usually also quickly move to other companies and only make
FEC a stepping stone for them to have a career in other companies that they consider to be more
beneficial to their needs and by expecting companies with low stress levels. Therefore, it is
important for companies to pay attention to the commitment of their FEC employees as a whole.
The Effect of Work Motivation on Organizational Commitment
In this study, the variables of work motivation were measured using three indicators,
namely the need for achievement, the need for power, the need for affiliation, with seven
statement items. The variability of organizational commitments is measured using three
indicators namely affective commitment, continuous commitment, normative commitment,
with 16 statement items. The results of the hypothesis test 4 are accepted, meaning that work
motivation has a direct effect on turnover intention. It can also be interpreted that work
motivation has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention. The higher the employee's
work motivation, the higher the level of organizational commitment. This is in line with
previous research conducted by Loor-Zambrano et al. (2022); Gheitani et al. (2019), and
Gondokusumo & Susanto (2015), stating that employee work motivation has a positive and
significant influence on organizational commitment.
Judging from the characteristics of respondents in the last education, all FEC employees
are people who take higher education D3 by 4.6%, S1 by 89.8%, S2 by 5.6%, therefore educated
FEC employees more quickly understand their job duties, understand the work system, and are
considered able to adapt to all kinds of innovations in the place where they work, so that
facilities of the company to increase the motivation of FEC employees this policy is considered
successful because this is what causes the motivation of FEC employees to be high. The fact
that the field of motivation does not necessarily increase the organizational commitment of
employees to stay in the company. It is also influenced by the age factor of respondents
dominated by 20-25 years old by 55.6%, namely millennials who still tend to be unstable, get
bored quickly and quickly move from one company to another tend not to feel at home and want
to try a new atmosphere.
Work Stress and Work Motivation on Employee’s Turnover Intention Mediated by Organizational
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1542 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
The Effect of Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention
Based on the results of the hypothesis test 5 accepted, namely organizational commitment
directly affects turnover intention. It can also be interpreted that organizational commitment has
a significant and negative effect on turnover intention. The higher the organizational
commitment, the lower the turnover rate and vice versa. This is in line with previous research
conducted by Perryer et al. (2010), Serhan et al. (2022), Labrague et al. (2018), and Kmieciak
(2022), stating that organizational commitment also has a significant negative effect on turnover
intention.
The results of the respondent's answer description described an organizational
commitment of 3.80. The figure is in the neutral or disagree category, so it can be concluded
that the organizational commitments of FEC employees are not good. This explains that the
majority of respondents in this study answered disagreements, which illustrates that employee
perceptions related to organizational commitments in the organization have not worked well.
The facts of the field indicate the statement on item Z1.3.5 that is on the normative commitment
indicator indicates the lowest value. The majority of respondents of 44.4% or 48 people
answered neutrally to the statement "If I get an offer to work elsewhere, the researchers feel that
it is not good to leave the company". The value indicates that normative commitment indicators
affect the organizational commitment of employees. The company needs to increase the
organizational commitment of its FEC employees so that the employee's desire to move will not
occur. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the organizational commitment
of FEC employees is not good, there needs to be an increase by the company from the things
that trigger the emergence of employee organizational commitment, be it from affective
commitment, continuous commitment, and normative commitment.
Based on the description of respondents' characteristics, FEC Ruangguru Sumapapua I at
the dominant age level, namely the age of 20-25 years, was 55.6% where at that age it was
classified as millennials who were young and still wanted to explore their abilities, looking for
new experiences, including looking for companies that could facilitate their dominant
characteristics to develop. Hence, they tend not to feel at home to stay in one company. When
millennial employees feel like they are not getting what facilities they want they tend to want
to go out and find another job that's better. Organizational rules that are contrary to the habits
of employees who are mostly millennials must be rethought by the company considering that
employee turnover intentions have a detrimental effect on the company. Companies must realize
that inevitably they have to adjust to the character of millennials because the majority of FEC
employees are millennials.
The Effect of Work Stress on Turnover Intention Through Organizational Commitment
Based on the results of this study, the results empirically obtained that the organizational
commitment variable was not able to mediate between the influence of work stress on employee
turnover intention in Ruangguru Sumapapua I. Hypothesis test results 6 were rejected. This
means that the relationship between work stress and turnover intention through organizational
commitment is not significant. In this study, the direct relationship between work stress and
turnover intention was greater than the indirect relationship through organizational
commitment. Turnover intention in employees is influenced by work stress variables not with
onal organizational commitment as a link between work stress and turnover intention, when the
Work Stress and Work Motivation on Employee’s Turnover Intention Mediated by Organizational
Commitment
1543 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
employee's stress level is high enough to represent the employee to leave the company.
Therefore, organizational commitment is not able to mediate the relationship between work
stress and turnover intention.
This is not in line with previous research conducted by Hakim et al. (2018) shows that
organizational commitment can mediate the influence between work stress and turnover
intention. The research by Nasution et al. (2017) show that organizational commitment can
mediate the influence between work stress and turnover intention. Based on this research, it can
be concluded that the relationship between work stress and turnover intention can be mediated
by the commitment of the organization.
The Effect of Work Motivation on Turnover Intention Through Organizational
Commitment
Based on the results of this study, empirically the organizational commitment variable
was able to mediate between the influence of work motivation on employee turnover intention
in RuangGuru Sumapapua I. Hypothesis test results 7 were accepted. This means that the
relationship between work motivation and turnover intention through organizational
commitment is significant. In this study, the direct relationship between motivation and turnover
intention was not greater than the indirect relationship through organizational commitment.
Turnover intention in employees is influenced by work motivation variables with organizational
commitment as a link between work motivation and turnover intention. Therefore,
organizational commitment is able to mediate the relationship between work motivation and
turnover intention.
This is in line with previous research conducted by Astiti and Surya (2020) that shows
that organizational commitment can mediate negatively and significantly the relationship
between work motivation and turnover intention. Likewise with Maryam et al.’s (2020) research
that shows that organizational commitment can fully mediate between work motivation and
turnover intention. So based on this research, it can be concluded that the relationship between
work motivation and turnover intention can be mediated by the commitment of on all
organizations.
CONCLUSION
Work stress tends to increase turnover intention. It shows that the higher the employee's
work stress, the more likely it is to increase turnover intention. Work motivation tends to lower
turnover intentions. It shows that the better the work motivation given to employees, the more
likely it is to reduce employee turnover intentions.
Work motivation tends to increase organizational commitment. It shows that the better
the work motivation, the more likely it is to increase organizational commitment. Work stress
tends to lower organizational commitments. It shows that the higher the work stress, the more
likely it is to reduce organizational commitment.
Organizational commitment tends to lower turnover intentions. It shows that the higher
the organizational commitment, the more likely it is to reduce turnover intention. Organizational
commitments have not succeeded in providing a role in the relationship of work stress to
turnover intention. It shows that organizational commitment is not able to mediate the effect of
work stress on turnover intention. Organizational commitment successfully provides a role in
Work Stress and Work Motivation on Employee’s Turnover Intention Mediated by Organizational
Commitment
1544 Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 2(1), Oct 2022
the relationship of work motivation to turnover intention. It shows that organizational
commitment is able to mediate the influence of work motivation on turnover intention.
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