Judicial Considerations Regarding Criminal Sentences Involving Community Service Under The National Criminal Code
Downloads
This study examines the implementation of Article 85 paragraph (2) of the Indonesian Criminal Code in judicial decisions concerning social work punishment. The background of this research is rooted in the paradigm shift of Indonesian criminal law from retributive justice toward rehabilitative and restorative justice, particularly through the introduction of social work punishment as an alternative to imprisonment. The objective of this study is to analyze the extent to which judges internalize the normative parameters stipulated in Article 85 paragraph (2) in their legal considerations. This research employed a normative legal method supported by a case approach, analyzing three court decisions and complemented by limited interviews with legal practitioners. The results indicate that judicial consideration in Decision Number 1/Pid.C/2026/PN Mbn and Decision Number 4/Pid.C/2026/PN Ksp remains partial, as judges only consider limited factors such as confession and ability to pay fines, while other mandatory elements are not explicitly analyzed. In contrast, Decision Number 78/Pid.B/2025/PN Pps demonstrates a more comprehensive application of the normative parameters. The discussion reveals inconsistencies in the internalization of criminal individualization principles, which may affect sentencing quality and legal certainty. In conclusion, judges have not fully and systematically applied Article 85 paragraph (2), highlighting the need for stronger interpretative consistency, clearer technical guidelines, and improved institutional support to ensure the effective implementation of social work punishment within the Indonesian criminal justice system.
Asmara, T. (2024). Legal Economic Culture in the Context of Judges Settling Criminal Cases in Courts: What Can We Learn from Indonesia? Pakistan Journal of Criminology, 16(1), 697–709. https://doi.org/10.62271/pjc.16.1.697.705
Bennett, N. J. (2016). Using perceptions as evidence to improve conservation and environmental management. Conservation Biology, 30(3), 582–592.
Diamantis, M. (2017). Clockwork corporations: A character theory of corporate punishment.
Eaglin, J. (2019). Technologically Distorted Conceptions of Punishment.
Hiariej, E. O. S., & Santoso, T. (2025). ANOTASI KUHP NASIONAL. PT RajaGrafindo Persada.
Kohler-Hausmann, I. (2018). Misdemeanorland: Criminal courts and social control in an age of broken windows policing.
Lageson, S. E. (2020). Digital punishment: Privacy, stigma, and the harms of data-driven criminal justice. Oxford University Press.
Leonard, T. (2016). Pembaharuan Sanksi Pidana Berdasarkan Falsafah Pancasila Dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Diindonesia. https://doi.org/10.20961/YUSTISIA.V5I2.8764
Mahmud Marzuki, P. (2005). Penelitian hukum. In Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media (Vol. 55).
Nana, S., & Nehemia, I. (2026). Penalaran Logika dalam Penyusunan Konstruksi Putusan Hakim. Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Joecy), 6(1), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v6i1.6489
Novritsar, H. P. (2026). Hakim Agung Suradi Mengingatkan Hakim untuk Memutus Berdasar Keadilan dan Kemanusiaan.
Nurmanto, F., & Sanusi. (2021). Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim Dalam Pemalsuan Hasil Rapid Test Covid-19. HUKUM RESPONSIF, 12(2), 94–100.
Padang, M. A., Siregal, B. J., & Rosmalinda. (2024). Keberpihakan Pemidanaan Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2023. Locus: Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum, 4, 156–163. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.56128/jkih.v4i2.348
Rahmawan, Y. (2026). Konsep, Tujuan, Pertimbangan Hukum Hakim, Kendala Implementasi Pidana Kerja Sosial. Wawancara dengan Hakim.
Ris Hardinata, A. N., & Arifin Hoesein, Z. (2025). Rekonstruksi Rasionalitas Hukum: Positivisme Sebagai Fondasi dan Batas Etika dalam Sistem Civil Law Kontemporer. Jurnal Cendekia Ilmiah, 4(6), 2632–2643.
Soekanto, S., & Mamudji, S. (2007). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Rajawali Pers.
Suryaman. (2026). Konsep, Tujuan, Pertimbangan Hukum dalam Penuntutan, Peran Kejaksaan dalam Pidana Kerja Sosial. Wawancara dengan Jaksa.
Sutrisno, E., Ratu, M. K., Alip, R., Sanusi, & Diky, D. (2022). PEDOMAN PENULISAN SKRIPSI. Deepublish.
Taufiq Akbar Al Falah. (2025). Analisis Pidana Kerja Sosial Sebagai Alternatif Pidana Jangka Pendek?: Perspektif KUHP Baru Indonesia. Mahkamah?: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, 3(1), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.62383/mahkamah.v2i1.457
Van der Wilt, G. J., Bloemen, B., Grin, J., Gutierrez-Ibarluzea, I., Sampietro-Colom, L., Refolo, P., Sacchini, D., Hofmann, B., Sandman, L., & Oortwijn, W. (2022). Integrating empirical analysis and normative inquiry in health technology assessment: the values in doing assessments of health technologies approach. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 38(1), e52.
Wicaksana, V. W., Putra, M., & Januarsyah, Z. (2025). Kebijakan Pembaruan Hukum Pidana Tentang Pidana Kerja Sosial Dalam KUHP Nasional?: Perspektif Tujuan Pemidanaan Policy of Criminal Law Reform Regarding Community Service Sentences In the National Criminal Code?: The Perspective of Punishment Objectives. Jurnal USM Law Review, 8(2), 709–728. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v8i2.11092
Wiena Septiany, & Hesti Septianita. (2024). Akibat Hukum Onvoldoende Gemotiveerd Dalam Putusan Anak Berdasarkan Asas Lex Posterior Derogat Legi Priori (Studi Putusan Nomor 9/Pid.Sus-Anak/2023/Pn Kwg). Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora Dan Politik, 5(1), 268–282. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i1.2902
Copyright (c) 2026 Ilham Shofil Fuadi, Sanusi Sanusi, Gunadi Rasta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.
