The Relationship Between Pregnant Women Exposed to Secondhand Smoke and The Incidence of Low Birth Weight Infants (LBW) in The City of Semarang
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This study aimed to analyze the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure among pregnant women and the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) in Semarang City. This study employed a quantitative observational analytic approach using a case-control design. A total of 282 respondents, consisting of 141 cases and 141 controls, were selected using a consecutive sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire adapted from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) and analyzed using the Chi-square test and binary logistic regression. The results showed that 76.6% of pregnant women were exposed to secondhand smoke during pregnancy, while the prevalence of low birth weight was 5.7%. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant association between secondhand smoke exposure and low birth weight (p < 0.001). The Odds Ratio (OR) indicated that pregnant women exposed to secondhand smoke had approximately 9.52 times higher odds of delivering a low birth weight infant than those who were not exposed. Multivariate analysis revealed that household income and maternal occupation remained significant factors associated with low birth weight after controlling for potential confounding variables. This study concluded that secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was significantly associated with the occurrence of low birth weight. Strengthening health education, incorporating secondhand smoke exposure screening into antenatal care services, and promoting smoke-free environments at home and in workplaces are recommended to reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
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