Marriage legalization: Preserving the customary marriage tradition of the ethnic Chinese community in Cirebon City

Authors

  • Gusti Yosi Andri Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
  • Aris Putra Nandar Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
  • Bambang Wibisono Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
  • Dharliana Hardjowikarto Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
  • Eni Suhaeni Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
  • Raymond Angwarmase Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati
  • Murtiningsih Kartini Universitas Swadaya Gunung Jati

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55324/iss.v4i1.731

Keywords:

Ethnic Chinese, Structural Functionalism, Social Influence, Marriage Confirmation, Traditional Marriage

Abstract

This study aims to investigate efforts to preserve traditional Chinese marriages through marriage legalization in the city of Cirebon, Indonesia. The study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of research because it is to minimize changes in attitudes from the millennial generation that can cause the loss of traditions and cultural heritage of ancestors regarding customary marriage. The population studied was ethnic Chinese who are members of the Chinese Ethnic Social Clan, both traditionally and nationally. Data analysis was carried out using the content analysis method, using concepts from structural functionalism theory and social change theory as the framework of analysis. The results of the research show that marriages that are not registered can still be submitted for registration, even though they have exceeded the maximum limit (60 days) as long as a court decision in the form of a determination of marriage registration is obtained first. The validity of marriage is also studied from the theory of structural functionalalism. This research contributes to preserving cultural heritage by addressing the legal recognition of customarily married marriage in the Chinese ethnic community. The government needs to issue provisions that regulate the issue of the marriage registration mechanism due to the delay in marriage registration so that couples who have been married and have not been recorded get legal certainty that protects the validity of their marriage, especially regarding the status of children.

References

Ali, N. B. B., Ramli, A. B., & Ahmad, H. B. (2020). Maqa?id Shariah in Family Institutions: Analysis of the Prenuptial Course Module in Malaysia. Mazahib Jurnal Pemikiran Hukum Islam, 19(2), 247–280. https://doi.org/10.21093/mj.v19i2.2567

Attané, I., Eklund, L., Merli, M. G., Bozon, M., Angeloff, T., Yang, B., Li, S., Pairault, T., Wang, S., Yang, X., & Zhang, Q. (2019). Understanding Bachelorhood in Poverty-stricken and High Sex Ratio Settings: An Exploratory Study in Rural Shaanxi, China. China Quarterly, 240, 990–1017. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0305741019000390

Auni, L., Manan, A., & Abubakar, A. Y. (2022). Factors Changing the Gayo Ethnic’s Traditional Marriage Procession in Lut Tawar Sub-District of Takengon, Central Aceh, Indonesia. Samarah, 6(2), 703–733. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i2.14888

Azizi, A. Q., Imron, A., & Heradhyaksa, B. (2020). Fulfillment of civil rights of extramarital children and its effect on social dimensions. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 20(2), 235–252. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v20i2.235-252

Banda, C. (2019). Redefining religion? A critical christian reflection on CRL rights commission’s proposal to regulate religion in South Africa. Verbum et Ecclesia, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/ve.v40i1.1948

Behling, A. V., Giandolini, M., Von Tscharner, V., & Nigg, B. M. (2021). Soft-tissue vibration and damping response to footwear changes across a wide range of anthropometrics in running. PLoS ONE, 16(8 August). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256296

Broyde, M. J., & Peltzer, R. M. (2020). Rethinking Religious Marriages When Done Without Any Civil Marriage: Non-Marriage, Neo-Marriage, Marriage, or Something Else? Family Court Review, 58(4), 992–1021. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12532

Chen, M., & Zhang, X. (2022). Marriage, Face, and the Body: Human Body Health and the Body Symbols of Hui’an Woman in Southeastern China. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2167726

Chowanda, A. (2021). Separable convolutional neural networks for facial expressions recognition. Journal of Big Data, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-021-00522-x

Damanik, E. L. (2022). Reaching out and institutionalizing multiple kinship relationships in the social environment: Ampangnaopat among Simalungunese, Indonesia. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 32(6), 819–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2021.1968558

Diamond-Smith, N. G., Dahal, M., Puri, M., & Weiser, S. D. (2020). Semi-arranged marriages and dowry ambivalence: Tensions in the changing landscape of marriage formation in South Asia. Culture, Health and Sexuality, 22(9), 971–986. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691058.2019.1646318

Djuariah, I. M. G. Y. A. M. Si. G. (2022). Buku Ajar Hukum Perkawinan dan Waris. Deepublish.

Drabble, L. A., Wootton, A. R., Veldhuis, C. B., Riggle, E. D. B., Rostosky, S. S., Lannutti, P. J., Balsam, K. F., & Hughes, T. L. (2021). Perceived psychosocial impacts of legalized same-sex marriage: A scoping review of sexual minority adults’ experiences. PLoS ONE, 16(5 May). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249125

Duvander, A. Z., & Kridahl, L. (2020). Decisions on marriage? Couples’ decisions on union transition in Sweden. Genus, 76(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41118-020-00092-5

Dzimi?ska, M., Fijalkowska, J., & Sulkowski, L. (2020). A conceptual model proposal: Universities as culture change agents for sustainable development. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114635

Emeralda, N. R., & Hamidah, S. (2022). RECONSTRUCTION OF MARRIAGE REGISTRATION BASED ON THE RELEVANCE BETWEEN STATE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND CIVIL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. JURNAL ILMIAH PENDIDIKAN PANCASILA DAN KEWARGANEGARAAN, 7(1), 87–98. http://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jppk

Eriksen, T. H. (2022). The Sustainability of an Anthropology of the Anthropocene. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063674

Erkoc Baydar, T. (2023). A Secret Marriage and Denied Rights: A Critique from an Islamic Law Perspective. Religions, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14040463

Erten, B., & Keskin, P. (2021). Does Knowledge Empower? Education, Legal Awareness and Intimate Partner Violence. IZA Institute of Labor Economic, 14480. www.iza.org

Espineda, M. N. (2023). Social inclusion and the use of sign language inset during the 2019 Philippine SONA. Universal Access in the Information Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-023-00968-1

Fauzi, M. L. (2019). Registering Muslim marriages: Penghulu, Modin, and the struggles for influence. Al-Jami’ah, 57(2), 397–424. https://doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2019.572.397-424

Fine, A. D., & van Rooij, B. (2021). Legal socialization: Understanding the obligation to obey the law. Journal of Social Issues, 77(2), 367–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12440

Geschiere, P. (2020). “The African family is large, very large” mobility and the flexibility of kinship – examples from Cameroon. Ethnography, 21(3), 335–354. https://doi.org/10.1177/1466138120938076

Gong, W. J., Wong, B. Y. M., Ho, S. Y., Lai, A. Y. K., Zhao, S. Z., Wang, M. P., & Lam, T. H. (2021). Family e-chat group use was associated with family wellbeing and personal happiness in hong kong adults amidst the covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179139

Grover, S., & Helliwell, J. F. (2019). How’s Life at Home? New Evidence on Marriage and the Set Point for Happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20(2), 373–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9941-3

Halim, A., Basyid, A., & Prihananto. (2021). RELIGIOUS IDENTITY TRANSFORMATION Cultural Interbreeding Between Dayak Indigenous Culture and Islam. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 15(1), 171–192. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2021.15.1.171-192

Han, Y., Shao, X. F., Cui, X., Yue, X. G., Bwalya, K. J., & Manta, O. (2019). Assessing investor belief: An analysis of trading for sustainable growth of stock markets. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(20). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11205600

Harisudin, M. N., & Choriri, M. (2021). On the legal sanction against marriage registration violation in Southeast Asia countries: A Jasser Auda’s Maqasid Al-Shariah perspective. Samarah, 5(1), 471–495. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v5i1.9159

Hornstra, M., Kalmijn, M., & Ivanova, K. (2020). Fatherhood in Complex Families: Ties between Adult Children, Biological Fathers, and Stepfathers. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(5), 1637–1654. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12679

Huang, X., Lei, Q., Xie, T., Zhang, Y., Hu, Z., & Zhou, Q. (2020). Deep Transfer Convolutional Neural Network and Extreme Learning Machine for lung nodule diagnosis on CT images. Knowledge-Based Systems, 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2020.106230

Igwe, P. A., Ochinanwata, C., Adeyeye, jonathan O., & Nwakpu, S. E. (2020). Solidarity and Social Behaviour: How Did Thus Help Communities. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy.

Janicka, I. L., & Szymczak, W. (2019). Can close romantic relationships last? The commitment of partners in married and cohabitant couples. Current Issues in Personality Psychology, 7(3), 203–211. https://doi.org/10.5114/cipp.2019.86129

Jensen, S. K., Placencio-Castro, M., Murray, S. M., Brennan, R. T., Goshev, S., Farrar, J., Yousafzai, A., Rawlings, L. B., Wilson, B., Habyarimana, E., Sezibera, V., & Betancourt, T. S. (2021). Effect of a home-visiting parenting program to promote early childhood development and prevent violence: A cluster-randomized trial in Rwanda. BMJ Global Health, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003508

Jia, H., Wang, H., Cao, Y., Mu, Y., Xu, X., & Yu, X. (2022). A framework of system integration and integration value analysis: Concept and case studies. IET Energy Systems Integration, 4(3), 297–316. https://doi.org/10.1049/esi2.12071

Joewono, T. B., Tarigan, A. K. M., & Rizki, M. (2019). Segmentation, classification, and determinants of In-Store shopping activity and travel behaviour in the digitalisation era: The context of a developing country. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061591

Keefe-Oates, B., Tejada, C. G., Zurbriggen, R., Grosso, B., & Gerdts, C. (2022). Abortion beyond 13 weeks in Argentina: healthcare seeking experiences during self-managed abortion accompanied by the Socorristas en Red. Reproductive Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-022-01488-6

Kubiszewski, I., Jarvis, D., & Zakariyya, N. (2019). Spatial variations in contributors to life satisfaction: An Australian case study. Ecological Economics, 164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.05.025

Liefbroer, A. C., & Rijken, A. J. (2019). The Association between Christianity and Marriage Attitudes in Europe. Does Religious Context Matter? European Sociological Review, 35(3), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcz014

Liu, J., Huang, J., & Li, H. (2022). How Can the Modern Chinese Family Retirement Function Be Separated and Sustainable? Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159443

Liu, J., Song, Q., Qi, Y., Rahman, S., & Sriboonchitta, S. (2020). Measurement of systemic risk in global financial markets and its application in forecasting trading decisions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12104000

Maimun. (2022). The Women’s Rights in Divorce and Discourse of Gender Equality in the Dynamics of Divorce in Madura. Samarah, 6(1), 468–492. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v6i1.12804

Mariniello, T. (2019). Prolonged emergency and derogation of human rights: Why the European Court should raise its immunity system. German Law Journal, 20(1), 46–71. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2019.3

Mohamad Kasim, N., Nanang M. Kamba, S., . Z., & Karim, F. (2022). Optimization of Marriage Registration as Legal Certainty of Children’s Rights in the Perspective of Maqasid Shariah. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i15.12070

Moriuchi, E., & Basil, M. (2019). The sustainability of Ohanami Cherry blossom festivals as a cultural icon. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11061820

Mufti Hangabei, S., & Dimyati, K. (2021). The Ideology Of Law: Embodying The Religiosity Of Pancasila In Indonesia Legal Concepts. Law Reform, 17(1), 77.

Noor, N. S. B. M., Mokhtar, W. K. A. W., & Rashid, A. A. (2019). Management and Distribution of Pusaka Property and Concepts of Munasakhat and Takharuj. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/V9-I11/6582

Nurjanah, S., & Nur, I. (2022). Childfree: Between the Sacredness of Religion, Law, and the Social Reality. Al-’Adalah, 19(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.24042/adalah.v19i1.11962

Oliveira, C., Garcia, A. C. B., & Vivacqua, A. S. (2021). The cost structure of influencers’ posts: the risk of losing followers. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 25(2), 259–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-020-01502-3

Paulus Hariyono. (2006). Menggali Latar Belakang Stereotip Dan Persoalan Etnis Cina Di Jawa. Mutiara Wacana.

Power, K. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 16(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561

Preisner, M., Neverova-Dziopak, E., & Kowalewski, Z. (2021). Mitigation of eutrophication caused by wastewater discharge: A simulation-based approach. Ambio, 50(2), 413–424. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01346-4

Putri, B. N., & Nawawi, R. (2021). SUNDANESE MARRIAGE CUSTOM IN ISLAMIC LAW PERSPECTIVE. Shakhsiyah Burhaniah: Jurnal Penelitian Hukum Islam, 6(2), 129–150.

Puyu, D. S., Umar, S. K., Hanis, H., Arifin, B., & Abili, M. (2023). Mansai in the Marriage Tradition of the Banggai Ethnic in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Living Sunnah Perspective. Samarah, 7(3), 1352–1372. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.16510

Ramji-Nogales, J., & Goldner Lang, I. (2020). Freedom of movement, migration, and borders. Journal of Human Rights, 19(5), 593–602. https://doi.org/10.1080/14754835.2020.1830045

Renjaan, H., Hendra Balubun, W., Manauw, G. A., Asmorom, M., Tinggi, S., Hukum, I., Stih, (, & Bintuni, ). (2019). PERKAWINAN ADAT SUKU MAYBRAT DALAM REALITAS HUKUM. Patriot, 12(1), 47–75.

Rico, T. (2020). Reclaiming post-disaster narratives of loss in Indonesia. International Journal of Heritage Studies, 26(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2018.1552612

Risaldi Posu, O., Purwanto, A., & A Suwu, E. A. (2019). PROSES PERGESERAN ADAT PERKAWINAN MASYARAKAT SANGOWO DI KECAMATAN MOROTAI TIMUR KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI. HOLISTIK, 12(2).

Rismawati, S. D., Bin, M. A., & Bakar, A. (2019). Polygamy Marriage: Legal Culture, Optional Political Identity and Marital Status Dilemma (A Case Study in Pekalongan). Jurnal Hukum Dan Pranata Sosial, 14(2), 236–266. https://doi.org/10.19105/al-ihkam.v14i2.2396

Ruane, A. C., Vautard, R., Ranasinghe, R., Sillmann, J., Coppola, E., Arnell, N., Cruz, F. A., Dessai, S., Iles, C. E., Islam, A. K. M. S., Jones, R. G., Rahimi, M., Carrascal, D. R., Seneviratne, S. I., Servonnat, J., Sörensson, A. A., Sylla, M. B., Tebaldi, C., Wang, W., & Zaaboul, R. (2022). The Climatic Impact-Driver Framework for Assessment of Risk-Relevant Climate Information. Earth’s Future, 10(11). https://doi.org/10.1029/2022EF002803

Sadat, A., Nur, M. T., Sadik, M., & Baharuddin, A. Z. (2023). Determination of Auspicious Days in Wedding Traditions in Mandar, West Sulawesi: Perspective of Islamic Law. Samarah, 7(3), 1422–1446. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i3.17864

Samadi, P., Alipour, Z., Salehi, K., Kohan, S., & Hashemi, M. (2021). The keys to a good and lasting marriage: Exploration of Iranian couple’s experiences. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1438_20

Sart, G. (2022). Impact of Higher Education and Globalization on Sustainable Development in the New EU Member States. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141911916

Sassler, S., & Lichter, D. T. (2020). Cohabitation and Marriage: Complexity and Diversity in Union-Formation Patterns. Journal of Marriage and Family, 82(1), 35–61. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12617

Sellers, S., Ebi, K. L., & Hess, J. (2019). Climate change, human health, and social stability: Addressing interlinkages. Environmental Health Perspectives, 127(4). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP4534

Setiyani, W., & Tasrif, N. (2023). Cultural Interpretation: The Meaning of Metu Telu Wedding in the Local Tradition of Tanjung Community in North Lombok Regency. INFERENSI: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 17(1), 87–106. https://doi.org/10.18326/infsl3.v17i1.87-106

Son, Y., Kang, K., Choi, I., & Kim, J. (2022). The Determinants of Helpful Hotel Reviews: A Social Influence Perspective. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(22). https://doi.org/10.3390/su142214881

Subeitan, S. M. (2022). Forced Marriage: Implementation of the Mandatory Provisions of the Bride’s Consent in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Syari‘ah, 21(1), 77–87.

Sulfian, A. S. (2023). THE URGENCY OF MARRIAGE REGISTRATION IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF INDONESIAN MARRIAGE LAW AND ISLAMIC LAW. Jurnal Al-Dustur, 6(1), 72–90. https://doi.org/10.30863/aldustur.v6i1.4224

Surahmi, M., Romli, D., Dewi Saputra, C., & Nofianti, L. (2021). Legal Counseling On Civil Rights Due To Marriage Different Religions In Ogan Ilir Regency-South Sumatra Province. International Journal Of Community Service, 1(3), 225–230. https://ijcsnet.id

Sutrisno, E., & Sugiarti, T. (2021). Management Concept of Integrated Border Areas Through Regional Regulatory Product in Sambas Regency. Multicultural Education, 7(5), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4781360

Syamsuddin, A. B., Syam’un, S., Ilham, M., Jasad, U., & Rasyid, I. (2024). Parenting Children in A Religious Perspective of Fishermen’s Families In Sinjai, Indonesia: Structural Functionalism Approach. Samarah, 8(1), 257–280. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v8i1.17854

Szpunar, M., Vanderloo, L. M., Bruijns, B. A., Truelove, S., Burke, S. M., Gilliland, J., Irwin, J. D., & Tucker, P. (2021). Children and parents’ perspectives of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Ontario children’s physical activity, play, and sport behaviours. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12344-w

Utami, N. W., Sayuti, S. A., & Jailani. (2019). Math and mate in javanese primbon: Ethnomathematics study. Journal on Mathematics Education, 10(3), 341–356. https://doi.org/10.22342/jme.10.3.7611.341-356

Ventham, E. (2023). MORALITY WITHOUT CATEGORICITY. European Journal of Analytic Philosophy, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.31820/ejap.19.2.4

Volkman, R., & Gabriels, K. (2023). AI Moral Enhancement: Upgrading the Socio-Technical System of Moral Engagement. Science and Engineering Ethics, 29(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-023-00428-2

Wahyuningsih, S. (2017). THE IMPROVEMENT OF MARRIAGE REGISTRATION SERVICES IN THE OFFICE OF RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OF SAYUNG SUBDISTRICT TO PROVIDE SOCIAL WELFARE. In International Jurnal of Islamic Business Ethics (IJIBE) (Vol. 2, Issue 2).

Wang, E. S. T., & Chu, Y. H. (2021). How social norms affect consumer intention to purchase certified functional foods: The mediating role of perceived effectiveness and attitude. Foods, 10(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061151

Warman, A. B., Jafar, W. A., Asmara, M., bin Kirin, A., & Usmani, S. A. A. (2023). Reforming Marriage Registration Policies in Malaysia and Indonesia. Bestuur, 11(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v11i1.66320

Wasilah, S. (2023). Education in a Functional Structural Perspective and Conflict Regarding Social Relations in Society. Jurnal Pendidikan MandalaMTs Negeri Semarang, 8(3), 902–909. http://ejournal.mandalanursa.org/index.php/JJUPE/index

Yakub Aiyub Kadir, M., & Rizki, F. (2023). Interfaith Marriage in Indonesia: a Critique of Court Verdicts. Yuridika, 38(1), 171–190. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v38i1.38099

Ying, S. X., Patel, C., & Dela Cruz, A. L. (2023). The influence of partners’ known preferences on auditors’ sceptical judgements: The moderating role of perceived social influence pressure. Accounting and Finance, 63(3), 3193–3215. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13030

Yoana, F., Fakultas, S., & Budaya, I. (2017). STRUKTUR UPACARA ADAT PERKAWINAN PERANAKAN TIONGHOA DI TELUKNAGA TANGERANG. RUPA, 2(2), 76–88.

Yusuf, S. M. (2020). Inter-subjectivity of khalwat (suluk) members in the tarekat Naqsyabandiyah Khalidiyah Ponorogo. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 10(1), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijims.v10i1.103-126

Zainuddin, & Ulya, Z. (2021). RECORDING SIRI’S MARRIAGES IN OBTAINING LEGAL CERTAINTY (Reflections on the rise of Siri marriages in Aceh). Syariah: Jurnal Hukum Dan Pemikiran, 21(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.18592/sjhp.v1i1.3276

Zubaidah, D. A. (2019). PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM DALAM PERSPEKTIF MAQ??ID ASY-SYAR?’AH. Al Ahwal, 12(1), 15–28.

Downloads

Published

2024-11-13

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Regular Issue: October-December 2024

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2024 Gusti Yosi Andri, Aris Putra Nandar, Bambang Wibisono, Dharliana Hardjowikarto, Eni Suhaeni, Raymond Angwarmase, Murtiningsih Kartini

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:

  • Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
  • Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.